General Errors (0–19)

This category contains foundational protocol errors that are not tied to a specific subsystem.

These errors typically relate to:

• Instruction decoding
• Account validation
• Arithmetic safety
• PDA verification
• Serialization/deserialization

These should be treated as critical validation failures.

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Error Reference Table

Code	Name	Message	Cause	Solution
0	InvalidInstruction	Invalid instruction	Instruction discriminator not recognized	Check instruction data encoding
1	InvalidAccount	Invalid account	Account does not match expected type or state	Verify account PDA derivation and initialization
2	InsufficientFunds	Insufficient funds	User account lacks sufficient balance	Deposit more collateral before trading
3	MathOverflow	Arithmetic overflow	Calculation result exceeds maximum value	Reduce trade size or check input values
4	MathUnderflow	Arithmetic underflow	Calculation result below minimum value	Check calculation inputs for negative results
5	DivisionByZero	Division by zero	Attempted division by zero	Report to developers — indicates logic bug
6	InvalidPDA	Invalid PDA	PDA does not match expected derivation	Verify PDA seeds and program ID
7	AccountNotOwnedByProgram	Account not owned by program	Account owner does not match program ID	Ensure account was created by correct program
8	InvalidAccountData	Invalid account data	Account data cannot be deserialized	Account may be corrupted or wrong type
9	AccountAlreadyInitialized	Account already initialized	Attempted double initialization	Use existing account or new PDA seeds
10	InsufficientBalance	Insufficient balance	Available balance too low for operation	Close positions or deposit more funds
13	InvalidArgument	Invalid argument	Instruction parameter invalid	Validate parameter values and types
14	InstructionPackError	Error packing instruction data	Failed to serialize instruction	Check Borsh encoding
15	InstructionUnpackError	Error unpacking instruction data	Failed to deserialize instruction	Verify instruction format

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Category Characteristics

General errors typically originate from:

• require!() validations
• Borsh unpack failures
• PDA seed mismatches
• Safe math wrappers
• Account owner checks
• Initialization guards

These errors should never be ignored.